Eosinophilic Asthma

What is it?
Eosinophilic asthma is a subtype of asthma characterised by high levels of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in the airways. Eosinophils play a role in allergic reactions and inflammation. In eosinophilic asthma, these cells contribute to chronic airway inflammation, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness.

What can I do?

1. Identify Triggers: Work with your healthcare provider to identify and avoid triggers that worsen your asthma symptoms. Common triggers may include allergens (e.g., pollen, pet dander), air pollutants, respiratory infections, or certain medications.
2. Medication Adherence: Take prescribed medications regularly as directed by your healthcare provider. 
3. Monitor Symptoms: Keep track of your asthma symptoms, peak flow measurements, and any potential triggers. Report changes or worsening of symptoms promptly to your healthcare provider.
4. Allergy Management: If allergies contribute to your asthma symptoms, manage allergies through allergen avoidance, medications (e.g., antihistamines, nasal corticosteroids), and allergen immunotherapy (allergy shots) as recommended by an allergist.
5. Lifestyle Modifications: Maintain a healthy lifestyle by staying physically active, eating a balanced diet, staying hydrated, and avoiding tobacco smoke and other respiratory irritants.

Common Medical Treatments

1. Inhaled Corticosteroids: Medications that reduce inflammation in the airways, helping to control asthma symptoms and prevent exacerbations.
2. Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABAs): Inhalers that relax the muscles around the airways, making it easier to breathe and preventing asthma symptoms.
3. Biologic Therapies: Targeted therapies that block specific inflammatory pathways involved in eosinophilic asthma, such as monoclonal antibodies (e.g., omalizumab, mepolizumab).
4. Oral Corticosteroids: Short courses of oral steroids may be prescribed during asthma exacerbations to reduce inflammation and improve lung function.
5. Bronchial Thermoplasty: In some cases, bronchial thermoplasty may be considered for severe eosinophilic asthma that does not respond to other treatments. This procedure uses heat to reduce the smooth muscle in the airways, decreasing asthma symptoms.

When to Consult Your Doctor

• If you experience worsening asthma symptoms, despite using prescribed medications.
• If you have frequent asthma exacerbations or require oral corticosteroids for symptom control.
• If you are considering or undergoing allergen immunotherapy or biologic therapies for eosinophilic asthma.

Remember

Eosinophilic asthma requires ongoing management to control inflammation, prevent asthma attacks, and improve quality of life. By following your healthcare provider’s treatment plan, avoiding triggers, and seeking prompt medical attention for worsening symptoms, you can effectively manage eosinophilic asthma and minimise its impact on daily life. Regular communication with your healthcare team is essential for adjusting treatment as needed and optimising asthma control over time.