Eczema

What is it?

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common chronic skin condition characterised by inflammation, redness, itching, and dryness of the skin. It can affect people of all ages but is most commonly seen in children. Eczema is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, with triggers including allergens, irritants, stress, weather changes, and certain foods. While there is no cure for eczema, it can be managed effectively with proper skincare, lifestyle modifications, and medical treatment.

What can I do?

1. Moisturise Regularly: Keep the skin hydrated by applying moisturisers or emollients daily, especially after bathing or showering.Consult your doctor to select fragrance-free, hypoallergenic products to reduce irritation, and consider thicker creams or ointments for treating more severe eczema.
2. Avoid Triggers: Identify and avoid triggers that exacerbate eczema symptoms, such as harsh soaps, detergents, fragrances, certain fabrics, and environmental allergens like pollen or dust mites. Wear protective clothing and use gentle skincare products to minimise skin irritation.
3. Practice Good Skincare: Take gentle care of the skin by using mild, fragrance-free cleansers and avoiding hot water, which can strip the skin of its natural oils. Pat the skin dry with a soft towel after bathing, rather than rubbing, to prevent further irritation.
4. Manage Stress: Stress can exacerbate eczema symptoms, so practice stress-reduction techniques such as mindfulness, deep breathing exercises, yoga, or meditation to promote relaxation and improve overall well-being.
5. Seek Medical Advice: Consult a dermatologist or healthcare provider if eczema symptoms are severe, persistent, or affecting quality of life. They can provide personalised treatment recommendations, prescribe medications, and offer guidance on managing eczema effectively.

Common Medical Treatments

1. Topical Steroids: Topical corticosteroids are often prescribed to reduce inflammation and itching associated with eczema flare-ups. They come in various strengths and formulations and should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
2. Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors: Non-steroidal medications such as tacrolimus or pimecrolimus may be prescribed for eczema treatment, particularly in sensitive areas or when steroid use is not suitable.
3. Emollients and Barrier Creams: Moisturisers and barrier creams help hydrate the skin, repair the skin barrier, and protect against irritants and allergens. They are essential for eczema management and should be applied regularly, even during symptom-free periods.
4. Antihistamines: Oral antihistamines may be recommended to relieve itching and improve sleep quality during eczema flare-ups, particularly at night.
5. Phototherapy: Light therapy or phototherapy involves exposing the skin to controlled amounts of ultraviolet (UV) light to reduce inflammation and itching associated with eczema. It is usually administered under medical supervision in specialised clinics.

When to Consult Your Doctor

It is important to consult your healthcare provider if you experience:

• Severe or persistent eczema symptoms that do not improve with self-care measures.
• Signs of a skin infection may include heightened redness, swelling, warmth, or the discharge of fluid from affected areas.Concerns about eczema management, treatment options, or potential triggers.
• Symptoms affecting sleep, daily activities, or emotional well-being.

Remember:
Eczema is a chronic skin condition that requires ongoing management and care. By adopting proper skin care practices, avoiding triggers, seeking medical advice when needed, and staying informed about eczema management strategies, individuals can effectively control symptoms and improve quality of life.